Ok... The "balconys" in this room were used for fast shipping. An example would be: they put a crate of fenders on one "balcony", the over head crane would then come and lift it off and set it on the ground level. The crate would then be loaded into a train car that ran through the "pitt" in the floor to be moved to other parts of the plant, or the other way around. The plant also had its own rail way system and rail yarl just out behind these buildings, but thats another story.
If those are Multi-fuel engines, they ran on diesel, gasoline, JP4 jet fuel, pretty much anything. They do look used. New engines wouldn't have the radiator hoses on, open to the air like that.
The lab equipment would have been used for quaality control on incoming steel. Large manufacturing companies found that it was more cost effective to certify their own steel vs. buying steel with a certificate.
If I had to make an educated guess, I would say that these were used for oxidation and durability testing, hence the "Acid Steel" writing on the test tube.
It was common practice to immerse steel into different acids and record the reacions to guarantee that the steel was not contaminated or weak.
Those are multifuel engines for military 2 1/2 & 5 ton trucks. They burn diesel fuel primarily but could run on other flammable liquids. Studebaker made military trucks during WWII and later.
They are indeed LDT engines, probably returned from Vietnam where the drivers were none too careful with them. It resulted in a lot of engines having problems and they were simply replaced, and the old engines were sent back to be rebuilt. Then the EPA decided the engines needed to burn cleaner, and they had to be replaced with a new design - so the old ones piled up at the factory. That's the short version. The long version can be found on SteelSoldiers.com or G503.com.